Expanded Comparison Matrix paper free essay sample

Transformational leadership’s influence on job performance, job satisfaction, employee attitudes, and employee engagement has been studied and compared to the influence of transactional leadership on the same. This paper compares three studies by three different researchers. Wright and Pandey (2010), Emery and Barker (2007), and Hechanova and Cementina-Olpoc (2013) conducted empirical research to determine the degree of influence transformational leadership played in each of their sample populations. This comparison will examine the purpose of the study, the research questions, the literature review, the sample population, any limitations, and the findings. Purpose of the Study All three articles focus on transformational leadership and one article includes transactional leadership. Wright and Pandey (2010) focused on transformational leadership in the public sector. The authors suggest the organizational structure in the public sector is not as bureaucratic as expected and transformational leadership is as common and as effective as in private organizations. While previous research suggests human resource functions in the public sector are more bureaucratic, the authors propose this research is not definitive on whether this level of bureaucracy hinders the effectiveness of transformational leadership. We will write a custom essay sample on Expanded Comparison Matrix paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Emery and Barker (2007) also studied the effect of transformational leadership on job satisfaction and employee engagement in customer contact positions. They suggested the factors of transformational leadership are linked more closely to higher organizational commitment than the factors of transactional leadership. Hechanova and Cementina-Olpoc (2013) compared transformational leadership and the commitment to change in academic and business organizations, noting that academic organizations expect more transformational leadership behaviors than business organizations. While the authors noted different factors influencing commitment to change, the academic organizations measured their leaders higher in behaviors associated with transformational leadership. A Comparison of the Research Questions Pandey and Wright (2010) proposed five hypotheses to test in their study. Four of the hypotheses dealt with transformational leadership behaviors being lower when the organization is more hierarchical and more formalized, communication is weaker, and the organization uses performance measures. One hypothesis dealt with higher transformational leadership behaviors where the public organization blocks extrinsic performance rewards. In contrast, Emery and Barker (2007) proposed two hypotheses for their study. Both dealt with the follower’s perception regarding how they were managed by transformational leadership. In these two hypotheses, transformational leadership led to a higher organizational commitment and higher job satisfaction. Finally, Hechanova and Cementina-Olpoc (2013) proposed three hypotheses contrasting academic and business leaders. Academic settings expect transformational leadership behaviors to be displayed more and change management is handled differently in the two organizations. The relationship between change management and transformational leadership may differ in the two organizations. Literature Review All three articles focused on transformational leadership and all three referenced Burns (1978). Common themes throughout the three articles were transformational leadership’s impact on motivation, inspiration, credibility, engagement, commitment, empowerment, and innovation. Pandey and Wright (2010) organized their literature review by explaining transformational leadership, referencing Burns (1978), and noting the conditions necessary for transformational leadership to exist. The authors referenced Bass and Riggio (2006) noting successful leaders supplement transformational leadership behaviors for transactional ones, linking those behaviors with employee performance and satisfaction. They then moved to organizational structure and how that structure can support or obstruct transformational styles such as formalization of processes and procedures, inadequate performance measurement and rewards processes, and a hierarchical chain of command, referencing Bass and Riggio (2006); Howell (1997); Pawar and Eastman (1997); Rainey and Watson (1996); Shamir, House, and Arthur (1993); and Shamir and Howell (1999). Emery and Barker (2007) organized their literature review in subtopics within theoretical issues and hypotheses headings. They began by discussing employee attitude and customer satisfaction by linking organizational commitment and job satisfaction, referencing Porter, et al. (1974), and Kanungo (1982). They authors reviewed the relationship between organizational commitment and customer satisfaction as being well established citing Morrow (1993), Dornstein Matalon (1989), and Meyer Allen (1988). Morris (1995) and Brown Mitchell (1993) were referenced in providing the elements of employee job satisfaction. Emery and Barker (2007) compared and contrasted transformational and transactional leadership and linked them to organizational commitment and job satisfaction, citing Burns (1978), Keegan Hartog (2004), Bass Avolio (1987), and Conger Kanungo (1987). The authors suggested the themes of leadership style, employee perception, and customer satisfaction influenced company success, citing Heskett, Sasser, Hart (1990). Hechanova and Cementina-Olpoc (2012) organized their literature review within the Introduction and in two separate headings following the Introduction and preceding the Methodology. They discussed the correlation of successful transformation efforts and the people implementing the change, citing Coch and French (1948), Herold et al. (2007), and Herscovitch and Meyer (2002). The authors noted different factors influence employees’ commitment to change, referencing Ghazali et al. (2008) and Devos et al. (2002). Hechanova and Cementina-Olpoc (2012) referenced Kotter (1996), Kouzes Posner (1995), and Burns (1978) in positively linking transformational leadership with change. The authors discussed the differences between academic culture and business organizational culture as a reason transformational leadership behaviors differ between the two, citing Schein (2004), Schmuck Runkel (1985), Walton Galea (2005), Hellstrom (2004), Keung (2009), and Kouzes Posner (1995). While Hechanova and Cementina-Olpoc (2012) are the only authors to cite Kouzes Posner’s (1995) transformational leadership behaviors, specifically challenging the process, modeling the way, and inspiring a shared vision, these behaviors are present in the other two studies. Wright and Pandey (2010) discuss transformational leaders as being inspirationally motivating, a role model of desired behaviors, and challenging old assumptions. Emery and Barker (2007) discuss transformational leaders as being visionaries, and questioning old ways. Sample Populations The sample populations of the three studies differ in size and composition. Pandey and Wright (2010) identified 3,316 individuals in their study sample of municipalities exceeding 50,000 residents. An initial response of 1,538 was reduced to 1,322 after excluding city managers who responded. Emery and Barker (2007) identified three regional banking organizations and one national food chain. Of the 496 surveys sent, 308 were to bank tellers and 188 were to food chain checkers. Of the 389 responses received, 292 tellers responded from the banking field and checkers responded from the food chain, along with 77 banking branch managers and 47 food chain store managers. Hechanova and Cementina-Olpoc (2013) surveyed 305 participants from eight academic organizations and 267 participants from eight business organizations with specific criteria regarding transformational change occurring within the last five years. Eighty-five organizations were invited to participate and 16 responded. The age of the academic organizations was 4 to 32 years, with an average age of 32; the business organizations’ age was 4 to 53 years with an average age of 27. Limitations of the Study All three studies had limitations in both the sample population and the study itself. For the sample population limitations, Pandey and Wright’s (2010) respondents were mostly Caucasian and had an average age of 50. Many of the public organizations polled had only three responses leading to the possibility that results may only be applicable to those in the study. Emery and Barker’s (2007) sample population suggests gender bias as 43% of the branch managers and 85% of the store managers were male while the respondents were 100% female. The two populations also had different response rates. Ninety-five percent of the tellers responded compared to 50% of the checkers, weighting the outcome toward the banking industry. Finally, the female respondents all reported to the responding managers which may not take into account differences the relationship between female respondents and female managers when compared to female respondents and male managers. All of these limitations are worth noting especially considering the sample selection was not random. The sample population limitations in Hechanova and Cementina-Olpoc’s (2013) study involve gender bias, employment tenure, and position. Seventy-five percent of the academic respondents were female while the business respondents were more evenly distributed and the average academic tenure was twice the average business tenure. The academic organizations sample population consisted of 57% faculty, 33% staff, and 10% leaders whereas the business organizations sample population consisted of 67% rank and file, 15% professionals, and 21% leaders The studies themselves have limitations. In Pandey and Wright’s (2010) study, the authors chose to keep the survey short by reducing the number of questions, potentially creating the false identification of transformational leaders. Definitive proof cannot be made on whether transformational leadership causes less hierarchical organizations or results from them. Emery and Barker’s study (2007) has limitations in that it positioned transformational leadership and transactional leadership against each other. Hechanova and Cementina-Olpoc’s (2013) study has limitations that may be cultural and societal. The study was conducted in the Philippines and may not be indicative of cultural and societal norms elsewhere. Finally, the nature of the change itself may be a limitation. The academic organizations faced more change in strategy and renovations while the business organizations faced change in process improvement, downsizing, culture building, and mergers. Results Of the five hypotheses in Pandey and Wright’s (2010) study, two were supported. Organizations with hierarchical and bureaucratic structures and the weaker communications had lower transformational leadership behaviors. Three hypotheses were not supported: (a) transformational leadership behaviors were not lower when formalized structures and procedures were present, (b) the lack of extrinsic performance rewards did not correlate to higher transformational leadership behaviors, and (c) transformational leadership behaviors did not decrease with the use of performance measures. Emery and Barker’s (2007) study supported their hypotheses. Transformational leadership does result in higher organizational commitment and job satisfaction in both sectors surveyed. Hechanova and Cementina-Olpoc (2013) supported two hypotheses and partially supported the third hypothesis. Employees in academic organizations do expect more transformational leadership behaviors and the relationship between change management and transformational leadership does differ between academic and business organizations. The partially supported hypothesis noted the difference between academic and business change management practices due to the different nature of the change efforts in the respective organizations. Questions This author’s questions for the researchers follow. What led you to, or interested you in, these studies? Would you consider further studies to address the possible limitations in your studies? Do you see any gaps that need addressing in future research? How do you see your research benefitting your field? Based on your results, what are additional opportunities, or avenues, to study transformational leadership and its impact? Conclusions Transformational leadership behaviors do result in greater job satisfaction, employee engagement, and change commitment, and does exist in hierarchical organizations. Several discussion items were noted. â€Å"’Management matters’ and hierarchical constraints do not have to stand in the way of superior performance and leadership† (Wright Pandey, 2010, p. 86). Transformational leadership is the preferred leadership style to increase job satisfaction and employee engagement (Emery Barker, 2007). Business organizations are considered to be more progressive when compared to academic organizations, yet they can learn a few things from their academic counterparts in terms of inspiring shared visions, modeling the way, and encouraging others

How Napoleon Became Emperor of France

How Napoleon Became Emperor of France Napoleon Bonaparte first took political power in France through a coup against the old government, but he had not instigated it: that had principally been the plotting of Sieyes. What Napoleon did was to capitalize on the situation in order to dominate the new ruling Consulate and gain control of France by creating a constitution which bound his interests to many of the most powerful people in France: the landowners. He was then able to use this to leverage his support into being declared Emperor. The passage of a leading general through the end of a revolutionary series of governments and into an emperor was not clear and could have failed, but Napoleon showed as much skill in this area of politics as he did on the battlefield. Why the Landowners Supported Napoleon The revolution had stripped the land and wealth from the churches and much of the aristocracy and sold it to landowners who were now terrified that royalists, or some sort of comprise government, would strip them of it, in turn, and restore it. There were calls for the return of the crown (small at this point, but present), and a new monarch would surely rebuild the church and aristocracy. Napoleon thus created a constitution which gave many of these landowners power, and as he said they should retain the land (and allowed them to block any movement of land), ensured that they would, in turn, support him as leader of France. Why Landowners Wanted an Emperor However, the constitution only made Napoleon First Consul for ten years, and people began to fear what would happen when Napoleon left. This allowed him to secure the nomination of the consulship for life in 1802: if Napoleon didn’t have to be replaced after a decade, land was safe for longer. Napoleon also used this period to pack more of his men into government while debasing the other structures, further increasing his support. The result was, by 1804, a ruling class which was loyal to Napoleon, but now worrying what would happen on his death, a situation exacerbated by an assassination attempt and their First Consul’s habit of leading armies (hed already nearly been killed in battle and would later wish he had been). The expelled French monarchy was still waiting outside the nation, threatening to return all ‘stolen’ property: could they ever come back, such as had happened in England? The result, enflamed by Napoleon’s propaganda and his family, was the idea that Napoleon’s government must be made hereditary so hopefully, on Napoleon’s death, an heir who thought like his father would inherit and safeguard land. Emperor of France Consequently, on May 18th, 1804, the Senate – who had all been chosen by Napoleon - passed a law making him Emperor of the French (he had rejected king as both too close to the old royal government and not ambitious enough) and his family was made hereditary heirs. A plebiscite was held, worded so that if Napoleon had no children – as he hadn’t at that point – either another Bonaparte would be selected or he could adopt an heir. The result of the vote looked convincing on paper (3.5 million for, 2500 against), but it had been massaged at all levels, such as automatically casting yes votes for everyone in the military. On December 2, 1804, the Pope was present as Napoleon was crowned: as agreed beforehand, he placed the crown on his own head. Over the next few years, the Senate and Napoleon’s Council of State dominated the government of France – which in effect meant just Napoleon – and the other bodies withered away. Although the constitution didn’t require Napoleon to have a son, he wanted one, and so divorced his first wife and married Marie-Louise of Austria. They swiftly had a son: Napoleon II, King of Rome. He would never rule France, as his father would be defeated in 1814 and 1815, and the monarchy would return but he would be forced to compromise.

Argument by Authority Example Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Argument by Authority Example - Essay Example If one smokes Camel cigarettes, he does not qualify to become a professional doctor automatically neither does he live or reason like the doctors. Where disputes arise among experts about a subject, then it happens to be fallacious to make an application to authority using the disputing experts. Many people who follow the messages of advertisements with argue that prestigious persons cannot go wrong. The intention of the message is already delivered, which is to create awareness and make one believe in the message. It is vital to note that not all advertisements by prominent people or celebrities will lead to fallacy. Some of the inference they are applying are to be followed, not with certainty but probability (Baronett 2008). In accurate appeal to authority, there are reasons that are believed that claims made by renowned experts are always true. This is because; people who are genuine experts are always taken to be right all the time than being wrong, whenever they are making claims in their areas of specialization. The radio recording that was sponsored by Camel would only be reasonable if the experts thought the claim was reasonable. It is, therefore, reasonable to accept it hence listeners accepting claims on testimony of the expert (Gensler 2002). Fallacy as a form of advertisement makes people like a product depending on the people the products are associated by the products. It is significant to identify if the person used is an expert in that field or not. One might be an expert in only one area of specialization and not all. We are, therefore, supposed to follow genuine adverts intended for the excellent purpose and not for the good of the

The Marketing Strategies of Fashion Brands Coursework

The Marketing Strategies of Fashion Brands - Coursework Example The essay " The Marketing Strategies of Fashion Brands" examines the brands' marketing strategies in the fashion industry. Acquiring ambassadors who represent the industry and share their experiences with the brand boosts the industry substantially. Different fashion industries apply different strategies to market their products. More often than not, these interlink and some contrast. Fro example a certain industry may use fashion blogs and another may use fashion showcase to market their products. There are two marketing strategies but they are very contrasting. For the fashion blog marketing strategy the industry ventures deeply online to research on their product line and look for reviews from their customers than it includes blog on the social networks. On the other hand, fashion showcase includes gathering of a small gathering for the industry to debut its fashion trend to the key people of the fashion who have the potential of high profile clientele. During the event, the custo mers have exposure to the displayed items throughout the room. In a different case, one company may use location-based strategy to market its product while another may use pricing strategies. In the location-based strategy, the company in question may involve mobile social marketing strategies where it has to hoist substations in the areas where most of its customers are situated. In the pricing marketing strategy, the company combines pricing and product quality to attract his potential customers. ... In the pricing marketing strategy, the company combines pricing and product quality to attract his potential customers. The industry gives its customers products at a reasonable price. The main aim for these is in order for the industry to establish a strong mutual relation with the local and international relation and to maintain creativity in its marketing strategies (Kumar, 2009:257). Bloggers are very essential in determining the public relations and enabling the entire public to contact the fashion industry for professional assistance. This is a very creative way for marketing of products through the internet. How the fashion market has changed The fashion industry has undergone tremendous changes in the recent past starting at the multiple ends of value chain that affect the various players of the industry. Likewise, the market for the fashion industry has also changed. Customers are increasing their demand therefore the fashion industry has to be very creative and innovative f or current styles at attractive prices and on frequent basis. This becomes a long-lasting challenge to the industry, therefore it has to find new ways to secure to secure growth and profits while satisfying the customers demands at the same time. The market change has been due to technological advancement. Technology advancement has enabled the fashion industries accomplish their tasks with greater efficiency. The fashion industry has designed software called Product Lifestyle Management (PLM), which has substantially increased the sophistication and incorporated wide assortment of techniques that are very beneficial to the company (Hartline & Ferrell, 2010:587). The PLM is not just a set of technologies but also a strategic business approach that

Informative speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Informative speech - Essay Example There are many facts you must know about folate. Folate is a very important water-soluble B- vitamin found in a variety of foods. Its natural source is vitamin B9 found in peas, dried beans and other green leafy vegetables. As an additive in its synthetic form folate is found in bread, cereal and grains and is referred to as folic acid. It is also â€Å"found in supplements and added to fortified foods.† (Herbert V. 1999) Folate is indispensable to pregnant and nursing mothers because it helps in the rapid division and production of new cells and also prevents anemia during pregnancy. Some of the foods that are rich in folate are green leafy vegetables, such as spinach and turnip greens. According to the book, Nutrition Concepts and Controversies published in 2006 by Whitney and Sizer, folate is also found in asparagus, broccoli, and spinach. Fruits such as citrus and other juices also contain folate. Folate is also present in dried beans and peas. In 1996, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) published regulations requiring the addition of folate to enriched breads, cereals, flours, pastas, rice, and other grain products which are consumed in good quantity and contributes a good deal to the American diet. According to the reports on the â€Å"The Recommended Dietary Allowances† (RDA) on the amount of folate necessary for children is 200 micrograms, for adults it is 400 micrograms and for pregnant women it is 600 micrograms of folate. .Folate deficiency results from the inadequate intake of folate. The book Clinical Spectrum and Diagnosis of Folate Deficiency published in 2001 by Allen Lindenbaum, explains that medication such as aspirin and other drugs used to treat cancer and alcohol abuse reduces the body’s ability to absorb folate. Folate deficiency in children results in poor or very slow overall growth rate. . In adults, the symptoms include diarrhea,

The Mixed Economy of Egypt

The Mixed Economy of Egypt Egypt Egypt, like many other states, has a mixed economy (El-Askhar, p. 101).[1] A mixed economy is an economic system that upholds both public and private sectors in the selected state (Ignacy, p.16).[2] The concept in which the economic system in Egypt is mixed can be subdivided into two parts. The first one which is a common phenomenon is the participation of both government and private capital in the countries business. The second, who is not applied in most worldwide economies, is the application of both Islamic and non-Islamic sculpts into the business province (El-Askhar, p. 101).1 There are cultural aspects that shape the economic system in a unique mix. The socialistic, capitalistic and the Muslim fundamentalism elements all shape the Egyptian society. The socialism that was prevalent in the 1950s has faded away considerably; Sadats â€Å"open door† policies have opened up the doors to true capitalism and drifted slowly away from Nassers socialism (El-Askhar, p. 102).1 The policy increased the private sectors as opposed to the government sectors considerably, and has brought with it foreign enterprises. The financial sect of the state was no longer exclusive to the government, but has included privately owned Egyptian and non-Egyptian banks. The number of banks has increased from a mere seven to ninety-nine banks from between the 1960s to 1984. The state controlled sectors still existed, but the increase of private sectors merely happened from the broadening and widening of their base. They have been accountable for other varied sectors in the economy as shown in this (El-Askhar, p. 103).1 Nasser introduced an agrarian reform that was widely controversial. Egypt in the 1960s was an oligarchic country where landless or people with little land had financial insecurity. The reform redistributed 12% of the countries land. The purpose was to give those people land for the first time in the countrys history. But the wealthy people with large amounts of property were seriously severed. Estates bigger than 190 acres disappeared and individuals were limited to owning a cap of 100 acres of land property. The reform was also aiming to drain the surplus from agriculture land into urban growth and industrialization (Bush, p.1601)[3]. Egypts GDP distribution of land.bmp almost doubled between 1963 and 1970, schools were built at an average of one school per day and the number of people receiving free education rose from 1.3 to 3.4 million. Since the agricultural sector was very poor, this market liberalization strategized a US farm-type model with an agricultural driven capital and export-led growth (Bush p.1064)3. According to the World Bank, â€Å"the agricultural sector is now a fully private sector, operating in a market and export-oriented economy† (World Bank).[4] Egypt has the second largest economy in the Middle East. It has amassed large sectors in the clockworks of its economy, the largest of which is the service sector. The service sector is the fastest growing sector and is responsible for nearly 51 percent of the countrys total GDP. The main constituents of the service sector are banking, trade, tourism and the Suez Canal shipping service. Industry follows as Egypts second largest sector by accounting 32 percent of the total GDP, the rapid growth of this sector has happened thanks to the governments efforts in privatization. Although the public sector accounts for 86 percent of the countrys industry, it has only made 15.4 billion/L.E as opposed to the private sectors 99.7 billion/L.E. The agricultural sector accounts for 14.8 percent of the total GDP and has steadily decreased since the industrial boom in the 1990s (Egypt in the†¦, p.65).[5] As far as the overall GDP growth stands, the private sectors have contributed to more than two-thirds of the total GDP income as opposed to the public ones (Economic Review, p.2).[6] There are about 24.6 million laborers in Egypt; however there is an unemployment rate of about 8.7 percent as of 2009. Of these 24.6 million, 51 percent of them work in the services sector, 17 percent work in the industrial sector and 32 percent work in the agricultural sector. Employment grew at a rate of an average 1.744 percent in the last two decades; sectors mostly responsible for this growth are the industrial, constructional and servicer parts of the economy (Ikram, p.236).[7] Official statistics said that the number of the unemployed in Egypt rose from 112.535 in 1950 to 5 millions in early 2004, meaning that the number of the unemployed increased at a rate of 4000% in the last 54 years, in case of these statistics is authentic. If the successive governments were serious in confronting unemployment, the unemployed rate would not have risen from 1.2% in 1950 to reach 3.4% in 1970, 7.10% in 1986, 11.1% in 1990 and 13% in 2004. The current unemployment rate in Egypt meant that i t exceeded limits, as economic studies agreed that the safe rate of the unemployment in any society should range at 4.3%only (Ikram p.237).7 Egypt produces a wide variety of agricultural products; the animal resources it produces are mainly goats, sheep and cattle, while the planetary resources consist of a wide range of vegetables and fruits, as well as beans, wheat, corn, rice and most importantly cotton. The industrial commodities are a wide range of metals, cement, construction services, hydrocarbons, food processing, pharmaceuticals, and textiles (Ikram, p.96).[8] Egypt has the largest market in the Middle East and the Arab world with a population of 83,000,000. It has a lot of growth potential and financial stability with a stable banking sector and a currency that stood quite well during the financial crisis. The real GDP growth rate has been almost always on the rise since the 1970s, and according to the Economist Intelligence Unit, the GDP growth of Egypt has dropped slightly but still a huge improvement over the rest of the Middle East, or the rest of the world which since the crisis have taken the turn for the worse.[9] Poverty has always been the main problem for developing countries. Poverty is globally measured with a number of things, mainly the consumption of edible and non-edible material, the value of the housing asset, income, expenditure on fuel, schools, clothing and other miscellaneous objects. From these statistics a poverty line is drawn under the WHO standards and is given to every country to measure the population under this poverty line. In 1997, there were 15.7 million Egyptians living in poverty, or 26.5 percent. It has slightly dropped in 2005 to be approximately 20 percent of the total population which is still absurdly high (Datt, p.208).[10] Lets take the 1990s poverty trend as an example. The urban versus the rural poverty trends are quite interesting, although the number of poor people has definitely increased, the Rural parts of Egypt have decreased as opposed to the major increase in the Urban areas. This could be explained by the following method, the higher unemployment rate in the urban as opposed to the rural which started from the decrease of the agricultural sector and the rise of the industrial one in the rural and urban parts respectively (p.62).[11] Concerning poverty, The World Bank report in 2001 indicated that 52% of the Egyptians were living with less than two dollars daily (p.63).11 Egypts legal system is found on two different grounds, civil and Islamic law concepts with some Western and European influences of law. The system is a bit complex and sometimes bureaucratic and thus ineffective. While the current administration is aware of the importance of foreign and non-foreign investments, this will be an issue if a lesser business friendly government comes to power. The court consists of three levels, a summary and a primary appeal, and the cassation court, besides those are another system of courts that deal with special cases such as the administrative court and the Supreme Constitutional court. The delays somewhat of the commercial cases take a long while to conclude, taking nearly five years. The unresponsive commercial court is a disadvantage to the foreign investors and the whole private sector. The legal system provides moderate protection for property, although buying real estate can be lengthy, confusing and highly complex. Hernando de Soto calculated that in the year 2000, the process in which one wishes to register a piece of desert land takes between 6 to 14 years to complete. However, the government has taken procedures to encourage private investment. By reducing the costs of property registration from 12 percent of the value of the bought property to 3 percent, and introducing a flat fee of only 1,000 LE per contract, it is focusing on a private reform process. There is no restriction to foreigners owning a non-agricultural real estate. Foreigners have the right to establish private investments in the country and engage in the economy (p.39)[12] Corruption in the low-level is widespread in Egypt. Egypt has scored an unimpressive 2.8 out of 10 in the Transparency Internationals 2008 Corruption Perceptions Index setting it number 115 in the corruption/country ranking. Although there are no reports of this corruption affecting foreign investors, it has significantly affected local private sectors. During Mubaraks ruling, the development rate dropped 2% currently against 4.6% two years ago. Depression dominated the Egyptian markets while citizens purchase ability decreased. The interest rate problem led to the retreat of the Egyptian pound against the dollar. Competition increased between local products and those imported ones in addition to the few foreign investments in the country. The UNCTAD report on the international investment reported that the foreign investment decreased in Egypt from $600 million to only $200 millions. Egypt was one of the most developing countries that were able to attract investment in the 1980s.[13 ] According to the BMI, â€Å"Egypt faces substantial challenges over the coming decade, but as long as the prevailing economic policies remain broadly in place, the future looks bright† (p.24)[14]. Since the government of Ahmed Nazif, the outlook of the Egyptian economy is improving from its former state. The administration of Nazif has lowered taxes, made foreign investments easier and improved the business environment overall. Egypt will get boosted by the energy sector in particular, although the oil exportation wont last long, Natural gas production is the main aim to be the countrys leading energy export. Analysts suggest that production will rise from 55bcm to 106bcm in 2019. The government is currently targeting 1,295bn worth of investment of which only 15% will be state-controlled investments while the rest is up to the private and foreign investors. And according to the privatization reforms, it doesnt seem to be a hard target to hit (p.25).14 Not only that, but the GDP per capita, which is a very good sign of the countrys economy, is approximated to double becoming 5,538 USD by 2018. The Egyptian government continues to look broadly pro-business, although this is yet to reduce poverty levels, and the un-amusing perceptions of corruption, it will continue to make some of its policies unpopular. However, if Gamal Mubarak and the technocrat government he reportedly supports remain in place, then the private sector and banking system should continue to flourish (p.2).[15] [1] El Ashkar, Ahmed. The Islamic business enterprise. Taylor Francis, 1987. [2] Ignacy Sachs, â€Å"International journal of political economy† vol. 38, no. no. 3 (Fall 2009): 5-21. [3] Bush, Ray. Politics, Power and Poverty: twenty years of agricultural reform and market liberalization in Egypt. Third World Quarterly, Vol. 28, No. 8, 2007, pp 1599 1615. [4] World Bank, Arab Republic of Egypt Toward Agricultural Competitiveness in the 21st Century. [5] Egypt in the global economy: strategic choices for savings, investments, and long-term growth. The World Bank, 1998. [6] Economic Review. Vol. 49. 3. Central Bank of Egypt, 2008. [7] Ikram, Khalid. The Egyptian Economy, 1952-2000: Performance, Policies, and Issues. Vol. 1. Illustrated. Routledge. [8] Ikram, Khalid. The Egyptian Economy: Performance, Policies, and Issues. Vol. 1. Illustrated. Routledge. [9] Montly report April 2009. The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited. www.eiu.com. [10] Datt, Gaurav. A profile of povery in Egypt. African Development Bank 2001, Blackwell Publishers. [11] Egypts Social and Structural Review, Document of the World Bank June 2001. [12] Chapter 5: Business Environment, Business Monitor International Ltd Egypt Q3 2009. [13] Kligaard, R. 1998. International cooperation against corruption Finance and Development [14] Chapter 3: Business Forecast, Business Monitor International Ltd Egypt Q3 2009. [15] Financial Reforms Continue to boost growth. Middle east monitor October 2009.

Comparing the Epic of Gilgamesh, Holy Bible and Huck Finn :: comparison compare contrast essays

Gilgamesh is a True Epic The story of the great hero, Gilgamesh, fulfills the requirements of an epic.   Gilgamesh is consistently relevant to society and it conveys timeless themes and messages.  It is in human nature for people to want to excel in life and strive to make a name in this world for themselves.   We want to be remembered by name or for something we have done.   Most, who actually succeed, are forgotten about in a matter of years. However, some are remembered for tens, hundreds, and even thousands of years, because of their great intellectual achievement to feats of outstanding skill.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Gilgamesh is not only a character of a story; he is actually a portrayal of people and how they act out of human nature.   He, like many of us, does not want his existence to end when he leaves this world.   He is not content with what he has, good looks, money, and power, and desires more in life.   The Epic of Gilgamesh is a story that we, as people, can relate to.   There are similarities between Gilgamesh’s journey and our own journey through life.   Some of the texts that will be compared with The Epic of Gilgamesh, are the Bible, and Mark Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.   The characters of these stories are all have that burning desire to be successful in life, which we can relate to.   These texts span across different time periods and societies illustrating how human nature, particularly the desire to obtain more than one possesses, plays a significant role throughout written and present human h istory.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is in human nature to want to be recognized and receive what one think he or she may deserve.   In the Bible, one of many themes is the quest for something greater than what the seeker currently has, in terms of stature or wealth.   One of many examples is the theft of Esau's birthright by Jacob.   In Genesis 25: 27-34, Esau Sells His Rights as the First-Born Son, Jacob wanted more than his proper inheritance, he wanted the rights as the first born son.   His brother Esau was hungry and asked for some soup that Jacob was cooking.   Jacob answered, â€Å"I will give it to you if you give me your rights as the first-born son.†Ã‚   Jacob could not be content with what he already had.    He wanted a larger portion of the inheritance entitled to the one who is the first-born as well as the title.

Abolition of Death Penalty

ABOLITION OF DEATH PENALTY DEFINITION According to Republic Act No. 7659, death penalty is a penalty for crimes that are â€Å"heinous for being grievous, odious and hateful offenses and which, by reason of their inherent or manifest wickedness, viciousness, atrocity and perversity are repugnant and outrageous to the common standards and norms of decency and morality in a just, civilized and ordered society. † Death penalty is a cruel, futile and dangerous punishment for â€Å"very serious reasons and with due judicial process. According to  Amnesty International, a worldwide movement of people working for internationally recognized human rights; death penalty is the ultimate, irreversible denial of human rights. Thus, they worked towards abolishing it in order to â€Å"end the cycle of violence created by a system riddled with economic and racial bias and tainted with human error. † BACKGROUND Next, I would like to present a brief background on death penalty in the Philippines. In 1987, the Philippines made history by becoming the first Asian country in modern times to abolish the death penalty for all crimes.However, six years later, in 1993, the death penalty was reintroduced in the Philippines for 46 different offences. Such of those are murder, rape, parricide, infanticide and qualified bribery, among others. Executions resumed in 1999 until year 2000 when former President Estrada announced a moratorium on executions. This has been continued by current President Arroyo, in practice, throughout her presidency. Now, under her rule, the death penalty is again abolished . STANCE I am in favor of abolishing the death penalty law in the Philippines.Allow me to present my arguments. First, it violates the right to live. Second, it is a very cruel practice. Third, it is anti-poor. Last, death penalty defeats its purpose. ARGUMENTS First, the imposition of death penalty violates a person's right to live. Article III Section 1 of the 1987 Constituti on, otherwise known as  the Bill of Rights, states that â€Å"No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property†¦Ã¢â‚¬  By imposing death penalty, the right of a criminal to live is being violated. Furthermore, it is a known fact that majority of Filipinos are Catholics.As said, we have one of the world's largest Christian populations. According to  the Ten Commandments  of the Church, thou shall not kill. Therefore, nobody is given the right to commit the lives of others. Whether that person is a criminal or not, nobody has the right to play God and take the life that He has given. Filipinos should â€Å"respect and value the sanctity of human life and uphold the virtue and religious doctrines that are expected of us as a dominant Christian nation. † Second, it is a very cruel, inhuman and irreversible practice.It is very cruel and in human because persons are killed. This alone is proof. Once a person is killed, the act cannot be reversed. Third, death penalty is anti-poor. In a country like the Philippines with a very slow, sometimes inefficient, unfair and unjust judicial system, death penalty is simply not viable. Majority of the 1200 people on the death row are poor. Maybe, for some, being there is what they deserve. But for many, it is poverty that brought them there. Not everyone in that row should die.Many are simply there because they ran against some filthy rich and powerful person or they could not afford to get a good lawyer to defend them. A study showed that â€Å"death penalty is anti-poor as the underprivileged who cannot afford the services of competent counsels are oftentimes the ones convicted of death penalty†. â€Å"Studies have shown that the death penalty is disproportionately imposed on the poorest, least educated and most vulnerable members of society. It takes the lives of offenders who might otherwise have been rehabilitated. † Lastly, death penalty does not live up to its purpose.It is not able to serve its purpose which is to prevent crimes and to preserve peace and order. According to the President, in a letter she sent to Senate President Franklin M. Drilon, the imposition of death penalty â€Å"was shown to have not served its principal purpose of effectively deterring the commission of heinous crimes†. Clearly, even with death penalty imposed, the Philippines still continued to project high and rising crime rates in the country. If death penalty is effective, there should have been less crimes but it is quite the contrary.Also, there are no concrete evidence like studies or tests that could prove that the imposition of death penalty really prevents crime thus maintaining peace and order in the country. SUMMARY To cap off this essay, death penalty is the punishment served to those who have committed crimes that are â€Å"heinous for being grievous, odious and hateful offenses and which, by reason of their inherent or manifest wickedness, viciousness, atroc ity and perversity are repugnant and outrageous to the common standards and norms of decency and morality in a just, civilized and ordered society. I am in favor of the abolition of death penalty because first, its imposition violates the right to live. Second, it is a very cruel, inhuman and irreversible act. Third, death penalty is anti-poor. Lastly, death penalty does not serve its purpose of preventing crimes and preserving peace and order. I wish to end this speech by saying that I commend the Congress for passing a legislation calling for the abolition of death penalty. As CBCP puts it, this step has finally led the country â€Å"to move from justice that kills to justice that heals. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ How To Put To Death â€Å"Death Penalty† Death Penalty as we all know is a Legalized form of Killing or murder; it is a legalized â€Å"SIN† because â€Å"to kill or to murder† what we all know is sin and some called an act of killing or murder an â€Å"EVIL act†. Does the implementation of Death Penalty bring life, justice and end heinous crimes in the Philippines? I don’t think so.But the new Vice President of the Philippines Jejomar Binay thinks it so as he utter his desire to bring back death penalty in the Philippine in his outburst emotional response when he attended the wake of the brutally murdered son of attorney Oliver Lozano at media interview. â€Å"Dapat ibalik na ang death penalty†¦Ã¢â‚¬  ( â€Å"It is high time to bring back death penalty†) —-Jejomar Binay Death Penalty has been in the Philippines since the Marcos administration but was only removed at the time of former Philippine president Corazon Aquino and was revived during between the administration of former Philippine presidents Fidel V.Ramos and Joseph Ejercito Estrada and was removed again at the time of the recent former Philippine President Gloria Ma capagal Arroyo because of the mistake and failure of the execution of the First ever Filipino to receive death penalty by lethal injection –Leo Echagaray for the crime of rape which was found eventually that he is not guilty or was innocent of the crime he was accused of and the true rapist is at large and unknown. What a big slap on the Philippines justice system, thus it was removed.It was the roar and pro-death penalty campaigns in the media which influenced unlearned people that Leo Echagaray succumb into untimely death before he was proven innocent; so sad that people at that time were driven by brainless wrath to revenge for the rape victim. But now Vice president Binay, is wishing to bring it back? ; To repeat this â€Å"sad scenario† just to tell to the world that â€Å"we do justice†, WHAT JUSTICE Does he think well when he utters a wish for its revival or is he just emotional overwhelmed at the wake of the brutally murdered son of attorney Oliver Lozan o?There are many bad consequences to the justice system of the Philippines when Death penalty will be rekindled its frightening presence in the Philippines. More injustices will be engendered in the end by mistakenly sentencing to death innocent poor Filipinos and foreigners once they could not proven themselves innocent at the allowed period of presenting evidences and proofs that one is not guilty of the crime being accused of and by the influence of ignorant brainless and heartless wrathful masses.Moreover, if one is financially poor and destitute how can one find a trustworthy attorney that cannot be bought by money, to depend one’s innocence? Truly more innocent lives will be shredded unjustly by this satanic capital punishment. Furthermore, we already know that the financially rich and wealthy prosecuted and accused ones could pervert justice and could buy money-face attorneys, lawyers and judges.Therefore, is this â€Å"death penalty† will stop heinous crimes or will just added more unjust crimes perpetrated by its revival and presence, wherein â€Å"death penalty† is also a heinous crime concealed by the law of legality of the state or country. For death penalty is an act of torturing a person until it dies, which has no difference with the sadistic and psychotic behavior of seemingly soulless criminals who torture first their victims before they eventually kill their victims.Death penalty is NOT HUMANE ACT, rather it is BEASTIAL ACT. Bestial act (death penalty) against bestial act (heinous crimes) will not solve or eliminate crimes within the country or state. Fear is not the answer and will not uproot the main cause of crimes. it just controls but never solves; it just control the symptoms but never cures and heals. JC tortured and received Death Penalty A more humanitarian solution is the key to solve bestial problems like crimes; for every effect (activities) there is a cause (reason for the activity).The cause should be addres sed to solve the problem and not controlling the effects without removing the cause; For the effects will not end if the cause is not removed. Remember Filipinos, your National Hero, Dr. Jose Rizal was a victim of Death penalty or capital punishment which is Firing squad during the Spanish occupation but he is innocent. Remember also Filipinos, your beloved colonial religious deity Jesus Christ was also a victim of Death penalty or capital punishment which is crucifixion but Jesus Christ is innocent.Remember also Filipinos, your beloved fellow Filipinos that have suffered Death Penalty on other countries by hanging are also innocent. Remember Filipinos, the humane in you and don’t let the bestial overtake your human side. Remember Filipinos, to Love and Understand and don’t let Hate and Wrath overtake that Love and understanding within your soul. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ The Death Penalty, Good or Bad ? A few days ago the chief of Police for West Orange, New Jersey spoke out about the negative effects of the death penalty.James Abbott (police chief) stated that â€Å"the death penalty is broken beyond repair and that the extra money spent pursuing executions could be better spent on crime prevention and the needs of victims†. â€Å"I no longer believe that you can fix the death penalty. Six months of study opened my eyes to its shocking reality. I learned that the death penalty throws millions of dollars down the drain — money that I could be putting directly to work fighting crime every day — while dragging victims' families through a long and torturous process that only exacerbates their pain. Now in New Jersey, the death penalty has been outlawed. The death penalty is being replaced with life in prison with no chance of parole. Is this really gonna lower the costs that the death penalty brings about? On top of that, could the money used for the death pena lty really be used to help change people’s attitudes on how they act? Currently, the state of New Jersey has spent over a quarter of a billion dollars on the death penalty in the last 30 years.Would this be enough money to â€Å"rehabilitate a murderer†? Personally I think trying to have a murderer rehabilitated is a waste of time. I know there is the saying that everyone deserves a 2nd chance but in the case of murder, there is no 2nd chance for the murdered. Why should we not take another’s life if he murdered another life? Not only for cost reasons do I think life in prison would be a waste of money but also ethically I think life imprisonment is cruel.I know there are a lot of ethical dilemmas involved but would we as humans be cruel enough to torture another human for the rest of his life in prison? To me, ending someone’s life fast and quick seems more human than dragging out a sentence for however number of years. Also, even if the man or woman was not being tortured in prison, we would be spending money on keeping 1 person alive who murdered another. Where is the justice behind that! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ There should be justice in this world.There are many forms of justice in this world but in the case of murdering another human being, I think there should only be one final verdict. A murder should be tried then if found guilty put to death. No one can bring back a dead person. A family member who lost a loved one because another person murdered them would want justice for the murder’s crime. Article III. Bill of Rights Section 1. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of the laws.

Writing with Speech Recognition Software

Writing with Speech Recognition Software Writing with Speech Recognition Software Writing with Speech Recognition Software By Michael A professional writer might add a thousand words a day to their rough draft. With speech recognition software, some writers can add several thousand. Thats one reason why more writers are choosing to dictate their books. Today the error rate of speech recognition software has improved to within a percentage point of a human being. According to IBM, even a human transcriptionist hears the wrong word 4 or 5 percent of the time. IBM reached 5.5 percent in 2017. Google claims even lower than that 4.9 percent in 2017. Speech recognition can be found in Google Docs, Windows 10, your smartphone and in various home devices. Dragon Naturally Speaking is the only commercially-available speech recognition software for consumers, mostly because they bought all their competitors. According to their website, Dragon is 3x faster than typing and its 99% accurate. For higher accuracy, Dragon can be trained to recognize your own voice and vocabulary. Tips for writing with speech recognition Dictate in complete phrases or sentences. Recent advances in accuracy have come not so much from speech recognition (thats a buh not a duh) as from language recognition (after the words eat or peel the sounds buh nah nuh are probably banana). I can sometimes see my software rewrite a sentence once Ive completed it, because it now has more of the context and so can recognize more of the words. Pause between phrases, not words. Thats mostly what I just said, but it bears repeating. Separating parts of speech with pauses (It was the best of times) can really confuse the software. It likes to sense the sentence structure as you speak. Pausing between phrases is also a good habit for public speaking, or for speaking in general, for that matter. Yes, you need to pause while you think, but you dont need to keep talking while you do it. Watch the screen. If there are any errors or omissions, you want to make sure theyre not so serious that you cant remember what you really meant to say. I can handle Dragon spelling to instead of too or member instead of remembering. But sometimes the software provides a perfectly spelled word that would make no sense later. In that case, I can usually dictate the correct word again, perhaps preceding it with or rather as a newscaster might. Or you may be able to train Dragon (and yourself) that you pronounce to as tu and too as te-yoo. Or restate your sentence in different words. Dont worry about polluting your masterpiece with synonyms its probably faster than hemming and hawing for the perfect word. You can perfect it when you edit it. Keep a consistent tone, speed, and volume. Shouting, whispering or pretending youre Robin Williams will make the software work harder. It doesnt appreciate or even recognize histronics. I did a stint as a professional voice transcriptionist, repeating the speech of another person more clearly so that Dragon could understand it better. We maintained a cheerful tone as we worked, but we werent dramatic. Dont stop for mistakes. Keep a consistent flow, where words come out of your mouth at approximately the same speed they come into your mind. Your mind will appreciate that. Dont stop to fix typos or punctuation errors. Talk around any blatant mistakes restate anything thats unclear but keep dictating. Your first transcription may not be smooth or free of mistakes. But mistakes inspire creativity, because they beg you to fix them. So dont worry about making mistakes when dictating. Dont try to speak the keyboard. Youre better off just dictating words and not trying to operate your computer with your voice. Yes, Dragon has many editing commands: Scratch that, Scratch that n times, Go back, Go to top, Stop listening, Search eBay for text (NOTE TO SELF: DO NOT TRY TO WRITE NOVEL AND SHOP ON EBAY AT THE SAME TIME.) But the main commands I use are Period and New line Im supposed to be writing not editing remember? and Ive turned off my internal editor. Dragons commands are great for people who cant use a keyboard they can say Open Google Chrome or Post to Facebook but the extra learning curve can sour other people on trying the software. Hands-free editing I keep Dragon in Dictation Mode, which ignores commands as long as Im dictating quickly. Otherwise, if one of my paranoid characters shouts, Stop listening, Dragon might take me literally and not transcribe anything else. So how do you edit without using editing commands? Dictate the section again, without the mistakes. Really. Its probably faster than using the commands. It may be faster than using a keyboard. Many writers with repetitive stress injuries say that what hurt their wrists was not the typing, it was the constant cutting, pasting and mousing. With dictation, the only movement is your mouth and your eyeballs. Dictation lets you hear your words again, which lets you decide if you really like them. It even lets you combine several versions. You could have both versions open on your computer and switch your eyes between them as you read your favorite paragraph with each. Or you could print out both versions, lay the pages all over the floor, rearrange them as you like, edit them with a fat marker pen, and then smoothly read them back into your microphone. When I first tried this technique, though, the new version wasnt much better than the old. I hoped that as I reread the passage, my mind would naturally find things to correct, as a storyteller does. But seeing the text in front of me made it harder to see areas of improvement. A better strategy might be to silently read both versions again, then close my eyes and retell the story into the microphone. Dictation software works better for some writers than others, and for some types of writing than others. At first you may miss the feel of the keyboard or the pen, or you may be distracted by the sound of your voice. But for many writers, speech recognition software can set their creative process free. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:75 Contronyms (Words with Contradictory Meanings)Among vs. AmongstOppose and Opposed To

Influences on American documen essays

Influences on American documen essays Our country has been shaped by many different people. Our country has used the laws that were invented by people that lived a long time ago. The biggest influence on the documents that shape our country are from eighteenth century philosophes and from earlier English documents. If these documents were not around their might not be a United States of America. "We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness." This is one of the most known quotes in the Declaration of Independence. The Declaration of Independence was written by Thomas Jefferson. Thomas Jefferson got this quote from an idea by John Locke. John Locke said that we have natural right, and that there are three. Those rights are Life, Liberty, and Property. The Declaration of Independence says that there is an absolute tyrant. This is originated from the Magna Carta that says that their is a limit to the power of the ruler. The Declaration of Independence also says that the Governors cannot pass a law that is very important. It should also be approved by the citizens. This quote is taken from the English Bill of Rights. In the Declaration of Independence it also talks about making up three different branches of government which also comes from the English Bill of Rights. The English Petition of Rights says that the government cannot force you to house soldiers. It also says that you cannot be kept in jail for a crime that is not specified. The U.S. Constitution , which was written by James Madison, is full of ideas from eighteenth century philosophes. John Locke said that the government's power comes from the consent of the people The beginning of the U.S. Constitution says "We the people of the United States," which shows it means it is not only the gover ...

Leadership and Supervision Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Leadership and Supervision - Research Paper Example From the discussion it is clear that the University of Houston tailored the course under the name Bachelor of Science in Organizational Leadership and Supervision (OLS) but the University of South Carolina offers the course under the name Bachelor of Arts in Organizational Leadership.   In the University of the South Carolina (USC), the course markets itself in the community as basing on the Human side of commerce management process. It provides Organizational leadership for people in various industries focusing on encouraging and motivating employees in execution and implementation of the organizational change. These two courses are vital in the development of the management personnel in the in the oil and gas industry thus enhancing profitability, maximizing outputs and creating standard operational mechanisms.This paper highlights that  the USC leadership degree aims at enhancing human leadership through motivation of the employees and facilitation of organizational change. In contrast, HUOLS aims at availing trainees or students with a competitive edge while undertaking leadership and enhanced supervisory responsibilities, especially in technology grounded  Ã‚   organizations. The HUOLS degree deals with the consistently growing and changing complex of engaged leadership in various organizations that mostly base on relying on technology on the daily basis. HUOLS degree is characterized by the provision of empowering approach to the practice to leaders in various firms.  Ã‚  

Relative resource management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Relative resource management - Essay Example al, 13). However, the choice taken should minimize those consequences as much as possible According to Enlow, et.al (6), before the buyer selects their provider of the apparatus, they should first examine the ability of each potential seller to meet their needs. To achieve this, they should examine the precedent agreements of the distributor and assess whether they have been able to satisfy their previous clients in time. The buyer should also examine the prospect’s future expansion map and their current awareness in the same field (Enlaw et.al, 6). Their economic position will determine their capacity to meet what client’s wants. It is important to establish the physical position of the distributor because this will affect the value of their products as well as the rapidity of distribution to their clients. Finally, they should look at how the prospects design their gadgets in consideration of their impacts on the surroundings (Enlaw et.al, 14). The seller should be able to demonstrate potential to handle such problems before they enter into an agreement. The BP’s management should to take into account the prospect of the distributor to meet deadline for supply of the apparatus (Enlaw et.al, 3). Since the current supplier has only six months remaining, the selected supplier should be able to deliver clients request in time to avoid breakdown of company’s operation. The manufacture should be able to create required apparatus using the most current knowledge so that they can effectively and efficiently serve needs of the buyer. This will also ensure that those apparatus are not injuries to the surrounding as a result of poor technology. There is need to assess any problems that may arise in case the seller is chosen from another region. They should understand the consequences which may arise in case of political conflicts between clients’ and suppliers’ nations. The company should acquire equipment from a distributor